Schedule design for liner services under vessel speed reduction incentive programs

Gas and particulate emissions from ship transportation have been increasing in recent years. In order to mitigate ship emissions near coastal areas, voluntary vessel speed reduction incentive programs (VSRIPs) were put in place by a number of ports. This paper studies a schedule design problem faced by liner shipping companies under VSRIPs. It proposes a mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model for the minimization of the total cost, consisting of fuel cost, as well as operating cost, minus dockage refunds. The model balances three determinants, that is, the compliance of VSRIPs, the speed limit (the maximum physical speed of ships and the upper speed limit imposed by VSRIPs), and the limited number of ships. An enumerative algorithm and a piecewise-linear approximation algorithm are developed, based on some properties of the nonlinear model. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms is validated through extensive computational experiments.     

初始误差和制导工具误差估计的非线性方法

准确估计初始误差和制导工具误差是机动发射飞行器精度鉴定必须解决的重要问题之一,提出了一种基于非线性模型的误差估计新方法。给出了平台初始失准角向定向误差的转换方法,采用不动点迭代法实现真实视加速度的精确计算,将真实发射系的轨道参数表示为初始误差和工具误差的非线性函数,结合外测数据建立了同时估计初始误差、工具误差、外测系统误差、遥外测时间零点偏差的非线性模型,避免了初始误差的线性化近似。给出了Bayes极大后验估计方法,利用非线性模型和先验信息获得误差的最优估计,证明了估计方法的收敛性。仿真结果表明,所提方法提高了初始误差和工具误差的估计精度,并实现了测量数据的自校准。     

新型BFRP筋增强混凝土受弯构件挠度控制

玄武岩纤维塑料增强筋（BFRP筋）的特性导致以其为增强筋的受弯构件出现裂缝后刚度降低非常明显，变形发展过快。因此，对BFRP筋混凝土梁的设计主要应根据其变形性能标准的要求来进行。为方便设计人员进行BFRP筋受弯构件设计，结合试验研究，通过对比国内外有关FRP筋混凝土梁开裂截面有限惯性矩计算模型的研究，探索出适合BFRP筋混凝土梁开裂截面有效惯性矩计算模型；通过建模分析，表明有限元计算模型和其他几种计算模型一起可以应用于BFRP筋混凝土梁直接挠度控制。推导出FRP筋受弯构件配筋率计算公式，结合直接挠度控制研究，提出通过控制跨高比限值来进行梁尺寸初选的间接挠度控制计算公式。     

采用终端滑模控制实现交会对接逼近段姿态跟踪

针对交会对接逼近段追踪器的姿态控制问题,采用反馈线性化理论推导了非线性姿态动力学方程的相变量模型.基于导出的姿控模型,引入模型误差和随机噪声,结合终端滑模控制理论,给出了能够在有限时间内完成姿态跟踪,并使状态跟踪误差收敛的控制律的设计方法.对具有扰动项的系统,仿真结果仍能满足交会任务对时间的要求,且姿态角跟踪误差趋于0,说明控制律对相变量系统的姿态跟踪控制具有较好的鲁棒性.     

Nonlinear pricing with consumer satiation

In various scenarios, consumers may become satiated with products, and the degree of satiation is directly associated with their prior experiences. Confronted with consumer satiation, the seller is unable to either identify consumers who have a higher likelihood of being satiated ex ante or distinguish satiated from non‐satiated consumers ex post. Therefore, the seller should address dynamic selling, valuation uncertainty, and quantity decisions, all of which are important operational issues. We consider a two‐period problem in which consumer types are influenced by their prior consumption experiences. Faced with these consumers, the seller intends to optimize quantities and adjust the prices of the products in each period to maximize revenue. We find that the seller may reduce ex ante production quantity as some consumers become satiated. Moreover, the ex ante quantity is first decreasing and then increasing with regard to the satiation rate. Furthermore, two‐period information asymmetries may provide a rationale for upward distortion in quantity when consumer preferences are highly sensitive to first‐period consumption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 386–400, 2016     

基于高斯和-容积Kalman滤波的高轨双星辐射源跟踪

高轨双星系统可通过测量辐射源信号的到达时差、频差和到达高轨卫星的多普勒频移,跟踪沿地球表面巡航且载频固定、已知的运动辐射源。针对辐射源运动方程和观测方程的强非线性,提出了基于高斯和框架与5阶容积Kalman滤波的运动辐射源跟踪算法GS-5CKF。算法将起始时刻的时差观测量所确定的处于地球表面的时差线按辐射源经度等间隔划分,初始化多个并行的5阶容积Kalman滤波器,线性组合各滤波器每个时刻的输出以获得辐射源运动状态的估计。针对5阶容积Kalman滤波器,提出了相应的非线性测度并引入滤波器分裂与合并,以提高跟踪精度并保持GS-5CKF算法计算复杂度基本不变。仿真表明,相对仅使用单个5阶容积Kalman滤波器和基于高斯和框架但使用3阶容积Kalman滤波器的GS-3CKF等算法,提出的跟踪算法具有更高的估计精度。     

潜艇螺旋桨区域腐蚀电场模型特征及奇异峰成因分析

针对边界元法推算潜艇腐蚀电场分布时边界条件影响电场信号特征,导致螺旋桨区域产生奇异峰现象的问题,以实测船用921合金钢和镍青铜螺旋桨材料极化曲线作为建模边界条件,重点对比分析了恒电位和非线性边界条件下的电场特征,并通过建立阻抗谱参数下的船壳-螺旋桨电化学阻抗等效电路,分析了潜艇腐蚀电场螺旋桨区域产生奇异峰的原因。仿真结果表明:潜艇电场特征分布及螺旋桨区域奇异峰现象与船体材料电化学极化状态有关,合理设定非线性极化边界参数可达到削弱奇异峰现象、平滑腐蚀电场模型的效果。     

非线性系统的神经网络广义预测控制

研究了神经网络广义预测控制方法在非线性系统中的应用，基于BP网络构造神经网络预测器，利用非线性系统的开环输入输出数据离线训练神经网络，根据拟牛顿BFGS优化算法使得二次型性能指标函数达到最小，得到了最优的控制序列。同时给出了神经网络广义预测控制算法的步骤，讨论了提高系统鲁棒性的措施。仿真结果表明，这种神经网络预测控制算法具有响应速度快、控制效果好和跟踪精度高等特点。     

Route optimization for multiple searchers

We consider a discrete time‐and‐space route‐optimization problem across a finite time horizon in which multiple searchers seek to detect one or more probabilistically moving targets. This article formulates a novel convex mixed‐integer nonlinear program for this problem that generalizes earlier models to situations with multiple targets, searcher deconfliction, and target‐ and location‐dependent search effectiveness. We present two solution approaches, one based on the cutting‐plane method and the other on linearization. These approaches result in the first practical exact algorithms for solving this important problem, which arises broadly in military, rescue, law enforcement, and border patrol operations. The cutting‐plane approach solves many realistically sized problem instances in a few minutes, while existing branch‐and‐bound algorithms fail. A specialized cut improves solution time by 50[percnt] in difficult problem instances. The approach based on linearization, which is applicable in important special cases, may further reduce solution time with one or two orders of magnitude. The solution time for the cutting‐plane approach tends to remain constant as the number of searchers grows. In part, then, we overcome the difficulty that earlier solution methods have with many searchers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

射频发射模块非线性效应的消除方法

射频模块存在相位特性的非线性效应,群延迟随频率的变化不再是一个常数,并可能造成输出射频信号的波形失真,而影响精密射频信号源的输出精度。基于递归最小二乘算法的自适应滤波器,提出了消除其非线性效应的新方法。并以GPS模拟源为例,利用其自校模块,采用软件无线电和数字信号处理技术,精确估计出射频模块的模型参数。将基带合成信号通过一个数字逆滤波器,以消除相位的非线性和群延迟随频率的变化。利用自编的仿真程序包,在Matlab中进行了相应的模拟计算。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效地消除相位非线性效应对射频信号的影响,输出信号的波形失真在理论上可控制在0.01%以内。